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TCLA Vacation Scheme Applications Discussion Thread 2025-26

radssss

Legendary Member
Aug 16, 2024
678
996
I study Finance, and this is very useful. Here is some more advice too:
  • Link equity financing to:
    • Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) – when a firm first lists on the stock market to raise capital.
    • Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) – when an already listed firm issues additional shares.
    • Both typically increase the number of shares outstanding, leading to share dilution (reduced ownership percentage and possibly lower EPS for existing shareholders).
  • Firms can also issue shares through:
    • Rights issues – existing shareholders are offered new shares, usually at a discount, to maintain their ownership proportion.
    • Bonus (scrip) issues – free additional shares given to shareholders; no new cash is raised, but total shares increase, so dilution still occurs in value terms
  • Be aware of financing restrictions often written into legal agreements:
    • Covenants may restrict additional borrowing or equity issuance.
    • Dividend restrictions can limit payouts to preserve cash for debt servicing.
    • Asset disposal restrictions prevent firms from selling key assets without lender approval.
    • These are designed to protect creditors and control risk-taking by management
  • Always evaluate financing choices using the risk–return trade-off:
    • More debt → lower cost (as creditors are repaid first when a company goes into liquidation) but higher financial risk (gearing/leverage) - this can limit the firm’s liquidity due to interest payments on debt
    • More equity → safer balance sheet but higher cost of capital and potential dilution.
YOU ARE A STAR😍😍😍😍
Thank you so so much, this is so helpful :)
 

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